javascript - 偵測 position:sticky 觸發的事件
我正在使用新的 position: sticky(資訊)來創建類似 iOS 的內容列表。
它運作良好,比之前的 JavaScript 替代方案(例如)優越得多,不過據我所知,當它被觸發時不會觸發任何事件,這意味著當滾動條到達頁面頂部時,我無法像使用之前的解決方案那樣做任何事情。
我想在具有 position: sticky 的元素碰到頁面頂部時,新增一個類別(例如 stuck)。有沒有辦法用 JavaScript 監聽這個事件?使用 jQuery 也可以。
答案#1
使用 IntersectionObserver 的示範(使用一個技巧):
// get the sticky element
const stickyElm = document.querySelector('header')
const observer = new IntersectionObserver(
([e]) => e.target.classList.toggle('isSticky', e.intersectionRatio < 1),
{threshold: [1]}
);
observer.observe(stickyElm)body{ height: 200vh; font:20px Arial; }
section{
background: lightblue;
padding: 2em 1em;
}
header{
position: sticky;
top: -1px; /* ➜ the trick */
padding: 1em;
padding-top: calc(1em + 1px); /* ➜ compensate for the trick */
background: salmon;
transition: .1s;
}
/* styles for when the header is in sticky mode */
header.isSticky{
font-size: .8em;
opacity: .5;
}<section>Space</section>
<header>Sticky Header</header>top 值需要是 -1px,否則該元素將永遠不會與瀏覽器窗口的頂部相交(因此永遠不會觸發 intersection observer)。
為了對抗這個 1px 的隱藏內容,應該在黏性元素的邊框或內邊距中額外添加 1px 的空間。
💡 或者,如果你希望保持 CSS 不變(top:0),那麼你可以在 intersection observer 層級應用「修正」,方法是添加設置 rootMargin: '-1px 0px 0px 0px'(如 @mattrick 在他的回答中所示)
使用老式 scroll 事件監聽器的示範:
- 自動偵測第一個可滾動的父元素
- 限制滾動事件的頻率
- 功能組合以分離關注點
- 事件回調快取:
scrollCallback(以便在需要時能夠解除綁定)
// get the sticky element
const stickyElm = document.querySelector('header');
// get the first parent element which is scrollable
const stickyElmScrollableParent = getScrollParent(stickyElm);
// save the original offsetTop. when this changes, it means stickiness has begun.
stickyElm._originalOffsetTop = stickyElm.offsetTop;
// compare previous scrollTop to current one
const detectStickiness = (elm, cb) => () => cb & cb(elm.offsetTop != elm._originalOffsetTop)
// Act if sticky or not
const onSticky = isSticky => {
console.clear()
console.log(isSticky)
stickyElm.classList.toggle('isSticky', isSticky)
}
// bind a scroll event listener on the scrollable parent (whatever it is)
// in this exmaple I am throttling the "scroll" event for performance reasons.
// I also use functional composition to diffrentiate between the detection function and
// the function which acts uppon the detected information (stickiness)
const scrollCallback = throttle(detectStickiness(stickyElm, onSticky), 100)
stickyElmScrollableParent.addEventListener('scroll', scrollCallback)
// OPTIONAL CODE BELOW ///////////////////
// find-first-scrollable-parent
// Credit: https://stackoverflow.com/a/42543908/104380
function getScrollParent(element, includeHidden) {
var style = getComputedStyle(element),
excludeStaticParent = style.position === "absolute",
overflowRegex = includeHidden ? /(auto|scroll|hidden)/ : /(auto|scroll)/;
if (style.position !== "fixed")
for (var parent = element; (parent = parent.parentElement); ){
style = getComputedStyle(parent);
if (excludeStaticParent && style.position === "static")
continue;
if (overflowRegex.test(style.overflow + style.overflowY + style.overflowX))
return parent;
}
return window
}
// Throttle
// Credit: https://jsfiddle.net/jonathansampson/m7G64
function throttle (callback, limit) {
var wait = false; // Initially, we're not waiting
return function () { // We return a throttled function
if (!wait) { // If we're not waiting
callback.call(); // Execute users function
wait = true; // Prevent future invocations
setTimeout(function () { // After a period of time
wait = false; // And allow future invocations
}, limit);
}
}
}header{
position: sticky;
top: 0;
/* not important styles */
background: salmon;
padding: 1em;
transition: .1s;
}
header.isSticky{
/* styles for when the header is in sticky mode */
font-size: .8em;
opacity: .5;
}
/* not important styles*/
body{ height: 200vh; font:20px Arial; }
section{
background: lightblue;
padding: 2em 1em;
}<section>Space</section>
<header>Sticky Header</header>這是一個使用第一種技術的 React 元件示範
答案#2
我找到了一個與 @vsync 答案有些相似的解決方案,但它不需要你必須添加到樣式表中的“hack”。你可以簡單地更改 IntersectionObserver 的邊界,以避免需要將元素本身移出視口:
const observer = new IntersectionObserver(callback, {
rootMargin: '-1px 0px 0px 0px',
threshold: [1],
});
observer.observe(element);
答案#3
你可以像這樣非常簡單地做到這一點:
- 附加滾動事件監聽器
- 透過
getComputedStyle()獲取元素所需的粘性top位置 - 使用
getBoundingClientRect()取得元素當前的視口偏移 - 如果兩個值匹配,使用
classList.toggle()添加該類別
這是在程式碼中的樣子:
const el = document.querySelector(".my-sticky-element");
window.addEventListener("scroll", () => {
const stickyTop = parseInt(window.getComputedStyle(el).top);
const currentTop = el.getBoundingClientRect().top;
el.classList.toggle("is-sticky", currentTop === stickyTop);
});
